Ugādi (Yugādi) 1931: Kolkata Calcutta, West Bengal

Yugādi (known as Ugādi in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Guḍī Pāḍvā in Maharashtra, and Cetīcand among the Sindhi community) marks the first day of the Hindu lunar calendar's bright fortnight of Caitra. According to the Brahma Purāṇa, this was the very day on which Lord Brahmā commenced the creation of the universe, making it not just a New Year but a cosmic anniversary. The word Yugādi itself derives from yuga (age/era) and ādi (beginning): the dawn of a new cycle of time.

On this morning, households are cleaned, mango leaves are strung across doorways (toraṇa), and women draw intricate kolam/raṅgolī at the entrance. In Karnataka and Andhra, the priest or eldest member of the family reads aloud the Pañcāṅga Śravanam (the annual almanac for the incoming year) detailing the year's name (saṃvatsara), the ruling planet, expected rains, harvests, and advice for each rāśi. Listening to this reading is itself considered an auspicious act that bestows the merit of a sacred pilgrimage.

The most iconic element of Yugādi is the Ugādi Pacaḍi: a dish made of exactly six flavours: neem flowers (bitterness/sorrow), jaggery (sweetness/happiness), raw mango pieces (surprise/new beginnings), tamarind (sourness/disgust), green pepper (sharpness/anger), and salt (fear). Together, they symbolise the full spectrum of life's experiences that the new year will bring. Eating the pacaḍi reminds the devotee to accept all of life (joy and sorrow, gain and loss) with equanimity and grace.